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A
sarafan came to North-Western Russia at 1300's as a men's outfit (it was a sort of a coat). It became a women's dress not earlier than 1500's-1600's. People rarely used the word
sarafan. They preferred more descriptive titles, that pointed to a material a sarafan was made of (
atlasnik - made of silk), or to a certain design's features (
klinnik - consists of triangles), or to a region where that sarafan was weared (
moskovik - from Moscow). From Nothern Russia a
sarafan spreaded among people to Syberia, and Baykal Lake region. In 1700's- 1800's a
sarafan became not just peasant's outfit, but a clothes of middle-class urban women, and merchants's wives. In Southern Russia of XVIII-XIX centuries, a
sarafan was a costume of young unmarried girls (in contrast to a
poneva, which became a mark of marriage)
http://traditionalrussiancostume.com